“Ethics the basis of any Science”
Ethics
“When we observe
the world, we cannot help but feel appalled by the rapid disappearance of any
sense of moral and ethical consciousness. At the same time, antisocial ways of
thinking are rapidly increasing.
It is now becoming quite
common for people to think that they are free to do whatever they wish and, as
a result, many kinds of social crimes are committed repeatedly, social order
becomes chaotic, and society falls into great confusion.
One underlying cause of this
social confusion is that the human pattern of thinking has become more materialistic; another cause is the collapse of
traditional values and norms of ethical behavior.”
Axiology: The Theory of
Value
“Value theory is
dealt with in economics, in ethics, and in various other disciplines. In philosophy, axiology refers to the
philosophy of value. In other words, it is that field of philosophy that
deals with value in general.
The content of axiology,
even fragmentarily, can already be found in ancient times. But, it is in modern
times, especially after Kant made his well-known distinction between fact and
value, that axiology became an important field of study in philosophy.
Many different views of
value have appeared throughout history; in fact, history can be seen as a
continuous succession of failed attempts to establish absolute values. In
ancient Greece, Socrates and Plato attempted to established absolute values by
pursuing true knowledge.
In the modern period,
Descartes and Kant established views of value centered on reason, as in Greek
philosophy. The Neo-Kantian school dealt with value as one of the main issues
in philosophy, but they completely separated philosophy, which deals with
values, from natural science, which deals with facts. As a
result, today many problems have come into being. Scientists have continued to
analyze facts in complete disregard of values.
Utilitarianism and
pragmatism are materialistic views of value, which make values completely
relative. Analytical philosophy is a philosophy without value. Nietzsche’s philosophy and Communism can be
described as anti-value philosophies, opposing traditional views of value.
Traditional views of values based on Greek philosophy
are no longer regarded as effective today. As a result, society today is in
extreme confusion.”
Education
“Education as
well in today’s democratic societies is in crisis. Yet, a proper theory of education, able to overcome this confusion, is
difficult to find anywhere, and present-day education seems to have lost its
sense of direction.
Appropriate relationship
between teachers and students are diminishing. That is to say, students do not
respect their teachers, and teachers have lost their sense of authority and
enthusiasm.
In consequence, the
relationship between teachers and students has largely become one wherein the
teachers are merely selling knowledge, very often based largely on “political
correctness”, and the students are buying it, so that schools have turned in to places for buying and selling knowledge.”
…In order to
solve problems such as the destruction of nature, pollution the development of
weapons of mass destruction, and so on, people must become able to acquire the
original creativity, which is centered on values. Therefore, scientists must
first be persons of values, or persons of character, before being scientists. In other words, ethics must become the
basis of any Science.”
Dr. Konstantina Palamiotou
Phd.of Philosophy, University of Athens
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